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The narrator and protagonist, Eleanor Oliphant, is a smart, solitary young woman living in Glasgow, Scotland. A file clerk at a graphic design firm, she feels unnoticed and at times derided for her quirky behavior and the scars on her face. A funny woman with a knack for crossword clues, she is also quick to judge and slow to socialize.
Eleanor serves as an avatar for the pain of social isolation, and the story sees her grappling with the prospect of inviting new people into her life. Her early person-to-person interactions bristle as Eleanor struggles to interpret others’ words and behavior, especially those of her new friend, Raymond. Her quick and at times harsh judgments drive others away, although she does crave human contact in the form of romance, as evidenced by her infatuation with singer Johnnie Lomond. As she gets to know characters like Raymond, Sammy, and Laura, Eleanor realizes how fulfilling friends can be and pursues them with purpose.
With her external makeover, Eleanor begins to care for herself for the first time and take pride in her appearance. Her burgeoning self-worth takes a harsh blow, however, when she attends Johnnie’s concert and realizes he is not to the man for her. This incident prompts Eleanor to attempt suicide and uncovers her deep sense of shame, loneliness, and self-hatred.
The reader comes to learn that Eleanor’s isolation is self-protective. Eleanor tries to block out painful memories and dreams related to the traumatic fire that scarred her inside and out. She can’t shake the lasting effects of her abusive and murderous mother, and she pretends her mother still calls her once a week to berate her for her inadequacies. As Eleanor seeks therapy for clinical depression, she begins to express, for the first time, how guilty she is that her sister, Marianne, perished in the fire and that Eleanor couldn’t save her. By the end of the novel, Eleanor has learned to express her feelings and accept both her past and herself.
Raymond is the new IT technician at Eleanor’s workplace, and Eleanor critiques his unkempt appearance and casual demeanor. Raymond pursues friendship with Eleanor, however, and shows her a new way of relating to the world. Eleanor watches Raymond interact with people like his mother and Sammy, and she observes his generosity, humor, and openness with confusion and curiosity. Raymond’s generosity is showcased all the more when he comes to find Eleanor at her apartment in the middle of her suicide attempt. He cleans her apartment, buys her food and a balloon, and encourages her to seek help for her mental health. Eleanor is astounded at Raymond’s lack of judgment and genuine care for her, and she later thanks him, saying, “‘You saved my life’” (303). With his constancy and compassion, Raymond shows Eleanor the character of a true friend.
Eleanor dreads the weekly phone calls from her imprisoned mother, whom she calls Mummy. During these phone calls, Mummy is erratic, paranoid, and insulting to Eleanor. For example, she calls Eleanor “‘a pointless waste of human tissue’” (178). She also encourages Eleanor’s “project” researching Johnnie Lomond so that she can have a son-in-law. Eleanor shares that her mother lived all over the world, engaged in daring exploits, and fed her gourmet food as a child. However, Mummy also protected herself from inquisitive authority figures and threatened her daughter so much that Eleanor is scared to speak about her in confidence with her therapist.
Over time, Eleanor realizes how abusive and neglectful her mother was and that the way she raised her daughter inflicted serious damage. Once Eleanor remembers that Mummy deliberately set their house on fire with Eleanor and her sister, Marianne, inside, Eleanor realizes her Mummy is a monster. Eleanor then reveals her mother has been dead since the fire and that the weekly phone calls were Eleanor’s invention, a prolonged manifestation of her childhood trauma.
Johnnie Lomond is the handsome frontman of a local band called Pilgrim Pioneers. At his concert, Eleanor takes an immediate liking to the musician and begins a long series of preparations in order to meet him and start a romance. The story’s brief glimpses of the singer often come through his tweets, which are crass and self-absorbed, although Eleanor does not see them this way. When Eleanor finally stands in the front row at Lomond’s farewell show with Pilgrim Pioneers, she realizes how little she knows about him and that her crush is childish. He exposes his bare buttocks to the crowd, and she also realizes he is “an arse” (225). Later, the Pilgrim Pioneers have a hit song in America and Lomond is furious about his contentious split from the band.
Eleanor is sent to Dr. Temple’s office for talk therapy after her suicide attempt. She initially judges Dr. Temple for her keychain-laden handbag and gold shoes: “I’d come across the type before. Ms. Temple was ‘fun’” (241). Dr. Temple is quick to outsmart Eleanor during therapy, however, as she maneuvers past Eleanor’s defensiveness and stonewalling. Through compassionate listening and making space for Eleanor’s emotions, Dr. Temple helps Eleanor heal from the wounds of her past and make a new start.
Marianne is Eleanor’s younger sister; she died when Eleanor was 10 years old. Eleanor has repressed memories of her sister but recalls small details about her throughout the novel, such as her voice and her light brown eyes (which resemble Johnnie Lomond’s). Over several weeks of therapy, Eleanor recovers memories of her sister and the pain of losing her through Mummy’s act of arson. Eleanor reveals how joyful and funny her little sister was. The tragic loss of her childhood companion has made Eleanor reticent to pursue other relationships. She says, “You can’t protect other people, however hard you try. You try, and you fail, and your world collapses around you, burns down to ashes” (134).
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